Urban Topics - Agriculture, Technology and much more

A farmer should know the essential mineral elements and how they affect the following :- • Plant growth • Their deficiency symptoms • Methods for preventing or correcting deficiencies. I'm Tapsendra Patel and in this article, we will discuss about :- • Soil • Micro and Macronutrients • pH and its importance to the soil Soil It is commonly thought of as that portion of the earth surface derived from rock and in some cases containing organic remains which living organisms are associated.  Weathering breaks rocks into smaller particles by the processes of physical disintegration and chemical decomposition. The resulting changed physical and chemical characteristics of the rock make it capable of supporting the growth of plants.  The nature of a soil is dependent upon the rocks from which it was derived, but is also dependent upon the length of time and intensity of the • Chemical •Physical •Biological forces that have acted upon it. The soil in turn is the source of the essential mine

 Date :- 7th April 2020 Material Required :-   • Single HB pencil , 2, 4, 6, 8 • Cotton cluster. Procedure - • Draw outline form Single HB Pencil. • By using  2 ,6 & 8 HB pencil,   Now complete mother's face .Then after son face. Then after father face complete.  • Now complete the main details from top to bottom by different pencil combination. • By using HB 6, and HB 8 pencil again dark the inner shades of main outlines. • Now use the Cotton cluster to reduce the sharpness. • Gradually rub the cotton to make appearance soft, and uniform spreading of black shades. Average time required :- • 5 Hours      - UJJWAL PATEL 

This sketch was made by me on  4 March, Monday on  MAHA SHIVRATRI Material Required -  • Single HB pencil , 2, 4, 6, 8 • Pencil color • Cotton cluster. Procedure - • Draw outline form Single HB Pencil. • By using HB 4 pencil, darken the outlines drawn by Single HB pencil. • Now complete the main details from top to bottom by different pencil combination. • By using HB 6, and HB 8 pencil again dark the inner shades of main outlines. • Now use the Cotton cluster to reduce the sharpness. • Gradually rub the cotton to make appearance soft, and uniform spreading of black shades. • The last step is to fill orange color with brownies flavor in the sketch. • Use pencil color for orange color also. Average time required :- • 2 Hours   - UJJWAL PATEL

Fruits have a high nutrient content and are important sources of vitamins A, B, and B6, as well as potassium, magnesium, copper, andiron. Fruit contains fiber and are high in antioxidants. The branch of horticulture dealing with producing, storing, processing, and marketing fruits and nuts is called Pomology.  View Semester Wise Subjects list of B.Sc Agriculture | Click here to view | Fruits and nuts can be produced commercially or by the home gardeners.  Commercial fruit and nut production can be broken down into two distinct areas :- • Fresh marketing • Processing.  2010-11 estimates that about 12% contribution was given by India in total world productions of fruits. Although India is largest producer of mango, banana, papaya in the world.  India’s horticulture production is comparatively lower in productivity. Both just in case of fruits & vegetables productivity of India (11.7 & 17.3 tonnes per hectare ) it is about half of the productivity of USA ( 22.2 and 31.4 tonnes p

There are many problems faced by farmers while tilling the soil such as improper pH, erosion, or loss of organic matter and nutrients.  But one of the most serious and persistent problem over the history of agriculture, in so many of the drier regions of the world has been Salinity . View Semester Wise Subjects list of B.Sc Agriculture | Click here to view | As a broad way we can say that soils of humid regions tend to become acid, while soils of arid regions tend to become saline. I’m Tapsendra Patel and in this article we will discuss soil with it’s Salinity issues and how to overcome from this problem. Farmers in the more arid parts of the nation have a several soil related problem—an accumulation of soluble salts. This accumulation can became a major problem in dry climates where natural amount of rainfall cannot flush the salts out of the soil .  • This problem can also occur with poor drainage in irrigated fields.  Irrigation water imports salts into fields where there is poor d

Weeds can be defined as any unwanted plants growing in a particular population or plants growing out of place. Proper identification and some understanding of how and why weeds are present are important when selecting the best control strategy. Knowing whether that the weeds were previously present in a particular area or not, also helps to prepare control measures in the future. View Semester Wise Subjects list of B.Sc Agriculture | Click here to view | I’m Tapsendra Patel and in this article we will focus on the biology of weeds : types of weeds, their life cycles, and how weeds are dispersed. Healthy plants gives high quality output to the farmers. How serious a weeds problem can? Is actually depends on type of crop grown in that particular area, and individual need's values of farmer. Crops plants and weeds have the same common basic requirements :- • Soil nutrients  • Water • Space  • Light. These factors are limited in nature, so desirable plants and weed

During the winter months of years the early Egyptian and Roman civilizations used greenhouse structures to protect tender crops such as fruits and vegetables. View Semester Wise Subjects list of B.Sc Agriculture | Click here to view | Today, greenhouses are not limited to just food production but are also used in the ornamentals industry. Greenhouses can be found in homes, offices, hospitals for horticultural therapy, public gardens, research institutions, and commercial organizations (wholesale or retail). Greenhouse structures are covered with a transparent material that allows sufficient sunlight to enter for the purpose of growing and maintaining plants . I’m Tapsendra Patel and in this article we will discuss the components of a greenhouse structure. The 3 basic types of greenhouses are :-  • Attached greenhouse • Detached (freestanding) greenhouse • Connected greenhouse. Attached greenhouses Attached greenhouses are attached to an existing structure. The thre

Plant propagation is the reproduction of new plants from seeds and vegetative parts of the plant such as leaves, stems, and roots. View Semester Wise Subjects list of B.Sc Agriculture | Click here to view | The two major methods of plant propagation are :- •  Sexual  and •  Asexual  propagation. I’m Tapsendra Patel and in this article, we will focus on Propagation of Seeds and there methods, Seeds classes and Types of dormancy

Plant pathology is the study of plant diseases. Read full article about Plant Pathology | Click here | Diseases are caused by microorganisms such as :- • Fungi • Bacteria and  • Viruses.  View Semester Wise Subjects list of B.Sc Agriculture | Click here to view | Some disease symptoms, such as leaf spots and wilting, are easily seen or measured. Others are difficult to observe. Detecting the less-obvious symptoms is more difficult when the diseased plant is the only specimen of its kind in the particular area and cannot be compared with a healthy one. Normally Nonparasitic plant disorders are not included in the study of diseases, but it is still important to recognize them.

In the early 1900s, F. W. Went made the profound statement that translates as, “Without growth substances, there is no growth.” Plant hormone shave an important role throughout the plant kingdom. A considerable amount of experiment shows that extremely low concentrations of a plant hormone can regulate many aspects of plant growth and there development from seed germination through senescence to death of the plant. View Semester Wise Subjects list of B.Sc Agriculture | Click here to view | Auxins were the 1st class of plant hormones discovered more than 80 years ago. Since this time, five additional classes of plant hormones have been recognized:- • Gibberellins • Cytokinins • Abscisic acid (ABA) • Ethylene and • The newest - Brassino Steroids . Numerous advances have been made in the use of plant growth regulating substances on a practical scale, along with basic research at the biochemical, physiological, and molecular levels. Today, the use of plant growth regulati

Mulching of ornamental plants and mowing turf grass are two essential cultural practices that are commonly done in the landscape. In this article we will discuss about Mulching and it’s benefits and some best management practices for Mulching and Mowing on landscape especially for Ornamental plants. Mulch is any material applied to the soil surface to protect or improve the area covered. Mulches are frequently applied to improve soil environment and to enhance the plant growth inside the soil as well as shoot region. It is applied around the plants base. View Semester Wise Subjects list of B.Sc Agriculture | Click here to view | They may consist of organic material such as :- • Bark • Wood chips • Leaves • Pine needles • Grass clippings or they can be inorganic material such as :- • Gravel • Pebble • Polyethylene film or • Woven ground cloth. Mulch can be applied to the soil surface, but should not rest against the stems of landscape plants. Mulching has the

Before plant nutrients were scientifically identified, farmers knew that some materials helps plants to grow well . Early farmers probably noticed the cluster growth of grass around animal droppings and began using them to raise better crops. Lime, ashes, dead fish, ground bones, and bird and bat guano have all been used in ancient times. Even human waste (night soil) has been an important fertilizer in some cultures. Fertilizer is material applied to soil or plants to supply essential elements. Some states legally define minimum requirements for a material to be sold as fertilizer. Fertilizers be grouped into four categories— 1. Mineral 2. Organic 3. Synthetic organic 4. Inorganic Mineral fertilizers are ground rocks material containing nutrients. For example - Dolomitic lime is a fine source of calcium and magnesium. Most minerals have low nutrient content and dissolve very slowly, so their usefulness as fertilizers is limited. Organic fertilizers are organic