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Showing posts with the label Sustainable Agriculture

Greenhouse - an overview on Structure of Greenhouse

During the winter months of years the early Egyptian and Roman civilizations used greenhouse structures to protect tender crops such as fruits and vegetables. View Semester Wise Subjects list of B.Sc Agriculture | Click here to view | Today, greenhouses are not limited to just food production but are also used in the ornamentals industry. Greenhouses can be found in homes, offices, hospitals for horticultural therapy, public gardens, research institutions, and commercial organizations (wholesale or retail). Greenhouse structures are covered with a transparent material that allows sufficient sunlight to enter for the purpose of growing and maintaining plants . I’m Tapsendra Patel and in this article we will discuss the components of a greenhouse structure. The 3 basic types of greenhouses are :- • Attached greenhouse • Detached (freestanding) greenhouse • Connected greenhouse. Attached greenhouses Attached greenhouses are attached to an existing structure. The ...

Top 8 ways for Water Conservation in Agriculture

Farmers are the true influencer of the nation’s water supply. Agriculture places some of the greatest demands on fresh water in India and around the world. Farmers are optimizing water usage and contributing a great part to conserve one of the most precious resource of nature, and also produce healthier crops, all with less water. I’m Tapsendra Patel and in this article we will discuss the strategies for water conservation for both agriculture and urban landscapes . 1. Increasing Water-use efficiency :- Water-use efficiency is a good place to begin a discussion of water conservation. There are mainly three ways to improving water-use efficiency. One is to capture more of the water from precipitation in the root zone of crop plants. This means improving the infiltration rate and reducing percolation and Having captured more water in soil. the second step is to reduce consumptive use. Consumptive use is the sum of the water lost by evapotranspiration and the amount con...

Sustainable Agriculture in Indian Context

Sustainability agriculture means to meet the food and textile needs to present societies , without compromising the abilities of future generation. Word origin, and meaning :- Therefore , the ' sustain ' word is derived from the Latin word 'sustinere' Sus - means "from below" tinere - means "to hold" Together it means - long term support or performance. It enables higher resource efficiency :- 1. By applying less input of land, water and energy to produce grater agricultural output. Main goals of Sustainable Agriculture :- • To gain good environmental health • To gain economic profitability • To maintain economic and social equality These 3 main goals are integrated by sustainable agriculture. As we know India comes under the developing countries list. So it is very challenging and tough course to empower sustainability especially in agriculture sector, where naturally more than 70% farmers are uneducated and...

Soil Salinity - Saline, Sodic, Problems & Reclamation

There are many problems faced by farmers while tilling the soil such as improper pH, erosion, or loss of organic matter and nutrients. But one of the most serious and persistent problem over the history of agriculture, in so many of the drier regions of the world has been Salinity . View Semester Wise Subjects list of B.Sc Agriculture | Click here to view | As a broad way we can say that soils of humid regions tend to become acid, while soils of arid regions tend to become saline. I’m Tapsendra Patel and in this article we will discuss soil with it’s Salinity issues and how to overcome from this problem. Farmers in the more arid parts of the nation have a several soil related problem—an accumulation of soluble salts. This accumulation can became a major problem in dry climates where natural amount of rainfall cannot flush the salts out of the soil . • This problem can also occur with poor drainage in irrigated fields. Irrigation water imports salts into fields where t...

किसानों को जैविक खेती करने के लिए प्रेरित कैसे करें ?

किसानों को जैविक खेती करने के लिए प्रेरित कैसे करें ? This article is also available in English | Click here | आमतौर पर किसान भी जानते हैं कि जैविक खेती ही कृषि का मूल सिद्धांत है किन्तु बढ़ती जनसंख्या के साथ उत्पादन की मांग बढ़ रही है और इसी के चलते किसान आज जैविक खेती को छोड़कर रसायनिक खेती के आधुनिक तौर तरीके अपनाने लगे हैं | जैविक खेती को अच्छा क्यों माना जाता है? किसानों की लागत कम लगती है उन्हें महंगे महंगे रसायनिक फ़र्टिलाइज़र नहीं खरीदने पड़ते और इसका दूसरा यह फायदा है कि सारा उत्पात बिना मिलावटी रसायनिक खाद का होता है, जो मनुष्य की सेहत को बिल्कुल भी नुकसान नहीं पहुंचाता और वातावरण के लिए भी अच्छा होता है लेकिन जैविक खेती के अकेले सिर्फ यही दो फायदे नहीं है इसके और भी बहुत सारे फायदे हैं जो हमें किसानों तक पहुंचाना जरूरी है जैसे :- जैविक खेती से मृदा का स्वास्थ्य अच्छा होता है जिससे उस में पनपने वाले सूक्ष्मा जीव ,पौधों को उनका भोजन बनाने में मदद करते है | जैविक खाद को आप अपने खेत में ही तैयार कर सकते हैं और इससे...

Understanding Plant Pathology

Sometimes plants get sick and no matter how much you talk to your plant, they won’t talk back. The initial step in determining if a plant has a disease is to look at the signs and symptoms. This can give you a clue about what’s going on. Read full article about | Types of Plant Pathogens and Abiotic Stresses | Click here | Hello I'm Tapsendra Patel and this article will provide you a background on plant diseases and the signs and symptoms common for plant pathogens. A disease is any abnormality that alters the looks or function of a plant. Plant functions are effected by this physiological process. Disease can also reduce yield and quality of harvested product. Disease is a process or a change that occurs over time. It does not occur instantly. Infectious plant diseases are caused by living organisms that attack and acquire their nutrition from the plant they infect. The parasitic organism that causes a disease is a pathogen. Numerous fungi, bact...

Internship Research Report : "Indian Tea Industry: Problems & Policies"

A. Introduction In the world, India is the largest producer and consumer of the tea which accounts approx 27% of world production and about World Trade of 13%. The major production comes from northern India about 70 to 80% (Assam and West Bengal major contributors). In world exports India's share of tea is also drastically decreased due to more consumption in the country itself. To add to the woes of the firms and formers both international market and domestic markets is failing the prices of tea and all these changes can give adverse impact on country's economy so it is very important to identify and overcome the problems faced by tea sectors in India. So, here I’m Tapsendra Patel with my Research Report on the Topic – “Indian Tea Industry: Problems & Policies” B. Literature Review On earth TEA is being the most consumed beverages which is next to water The commer...

भारतीय लोग किसान बनने की इच्छा क्यों नहीं रखते?

भारतीय लोग किसान बनने की इच्छा क्यों नहीं रखते? This article is also available in English | Click here | हर पिता चाहता है कि उसकी संतान उससे ज्यादा सफल बने और वह सारे दुख दर्द ना झेले जो उसके पिता ने अपने जीवन काल में देखे हैं | ऐसे ही किसान की भी मानसिकता यही है | एक किसान अपने बेटे को किसान बनाना क्यों चाहेगा क्योंकि वह जानता है कि एक किसान को कितना स्ट्रगल करना पड़ता है | इसके अलावा कुछ और पॉइंट्स हैं जो इस सारांश को समर्थन देते हैं :- 2001 के पहले खेती करना उतना लाभदायक नहीं हुआ करता था और ना ही कृषि से जुड़े उतने अच्छे उपकरण बने थे | बरसात भी अनियमित हुआ करती थी सभी लोग एक ही प्रकार की फसल लगाया करते थे सरकार और डीलर के द्वारा उच्च क्वालिटी के बीच और फ़र्टिलाइज़र नहीं उपलब्ध हो पाते थे, कृषि सामग्री में सब्सिडरी नहीं मिलती थी, दलाल किसानों का सारा उत्पादन बहुत ही कम दामों में खरीद लेते थे और उसे उच्च दामों में मार्केट में बेच देते थे | हमारे देश के किसानों ने सब देखा है मौसम की मार से लेकर सरकार के पलटने तक, हमा...

Introduction to Pomology :- Fruits Types, Planting, Growing and Fruit Storage

Fruits have a high nutrient content and are important sources of vitamins A, B, and B6, as well as potassium, magnesium, copper, andiron. Fruit contains fiber and are high in antioxidants. The branch of horticulture dealing with producing, storing, processing, and marketing fruits and nuts is called Pomology. View Semester Wise Subjects list of B.Sc Agriculture | Click here to view | Fruits and nuts can be produced commercially or by the home gardeners. Commercial fruit and nut production can be broken down into two distinct areas :- • Fresh marketing • Processing. 2010-11 estimates that about 12% contribution was given by India in total world productions of fruits. Although India is largest producer of mango, banana, papaya in the world. India’s horticulture production is comparatively lower in productivity. Both just in case of fruits & vegetables productivity of India (11.7 & 17.3 tonnes per hectare ) it is about half of the productivity of USA ( 22....

Plant Pathogens :- Types and Abiotic Stresses

Plant pathology is the study of plant diseases. Read full article about Plant Pathology | Click here | Diseases are caused by microorganisms such as :- • Fungi • Bacteria and • Viruses. View Semester Wise Subjects list of B.Sc Agriculture | Click here to view | Some disease symptoms, such as leaf spots and wilting, are easily seen or measured. Others are difficult to observe. Detecting the less-obvious symptoms is more difficult when the diseased plant is the only specimen of its kind in the particular area and cannot be compared with a healthy one. Normally Nonparasitic plant disorders are not included in the study of diseases, but it is still important to recognize them.

Micro and Macronutrients, Soil and Nutrients Management

A farmer should know the essential mineral elements and how they affect the following :- • Plant growth • Their deficiency symptoms • Methods for preventing or correcting deficiencies. I'm Tapsendra Patel and in this article, we will discuss about :- • Soil • Micro and Macronutrients • pH and its importance to the soil Soil It is commonly thought of as that portion of the earth surface derived from rock and in some cases containing organic remains which living organisms are associated. Weathering breaks rocks into smaller particles by the processes of physical disintegration and chemical decomposition. The resulting changed physical and chemical characteristics of the rock make it capable of supporting the growth of plants. The nature of a soil is dependent upon the rocks from which it was derived, but is also dependent upon the length of time and intensity of the • Chemical •Physical •Biological forces that have acted upon it. The soil in turn is the source of the essential...

भारत में कृषि क्षेत्र की चुनौतियाँ

भारत में कृषि क्षेत्र की चुनौतियाँ? This article is also available in English | Click here | भारत में आज भी कृषि क्षेत्र का विकास बहुत बड़ी चुनौती बना हुआ है जिसे पूरा करना इतना आसान नहीं होने वाला है क्योंकि आने वाले 30 सालों में भारत की जनसंख्या लगभग 1.6 बिलियन ( 1,60,00,00,000) तक होने का अनुमान है, इसमें 333 मिलियन( 33.3 Crores) टन का उत्पादन एग्रीकल्चर क्षेत्र से होगा जो कि लगभग अभी के उत्पादन से एक तिहाई ज्यादा होगा । अनुमान के द्वारा अभी भारत में कई प्रकार की चुनौतियां हैं जिन्हें हम समझने की कोशिश कर सकते हैं :- •किसानों के पास कम जमीन होना :- किसानों के पास कम जमीन होना एक बहुत बड़ी बाधा है जो कृषि क्षेत्र को अधिक फायदेमंद बनाने से रोकती है । खेतों में कटाई एवं विभाजन होने के कारण लगभग 5 से 6 प्रतिशत खेती योग्य भूमि व्यर्थ की रह जाती है, औसतन 85 प्रतिशत जमीन छोटे एवं मिडिल क्लास किसानों के पास है जिसके हिसाब से एक छोटे किसान के पास औसतन 0.9 प्रतिशत हेक्टेयर की जमीन है । जबकि हमारे देश में हर एक भारतीय नागरिक पर लगभग 1.5 ...

Why do Indian people not wish to become farmers?

Why do Indian people not wish to become farmers? यह लेख हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध है | यहां दबाएं | Every father wants his children to be more successful than him and does not bear all the grief that his father has seen in his lifetime. This is also the mindset of the farmer. Why would a farmer want to make his son a farmer because he knows how much a farmer has to struggle. Apart from this, there are some other points which justifies this : - Before 2001 farming was not as profitable and neither the good and improved tools associated with agriculture were developed Rain was also irregular Everyone used to plant the same type of crop No more fertilizers of high quality were available by the government and the dealer. Subsidies were also not available in agricultural materials, Brokers used to buy all the produce of the farmers at very low prices and sell it in the market at high prices. The farmers of our country have seen everything from the drastic weath...