Urban Topics - Agriculture, Technology and much more

Mulching of ornamental plants and mowing turf grass are two essential cultural practices that are commonly done in the landscape. In this article we will discuss about Mulching and it’s benefits and some best management practices for Mulching and Mowing on landscape especially for Ornamental plants. Mulch is any material applied to the soil surface to protect or improve the area covered. Mulches are frequently applied to improve soil environment and to enhance the plant growth inside the soil as well as shoot region. It is applied around the plants base. View Semester Wise Subjects list of B.Sc Agriculture | Click here to view | They may consist of organic material such as :- • Bark • Wood chips • Leaves • Pine needles • Grass clippings or they can be inorganic material such as :- • Gravel • Pebble • Polyethylene film or • Woven ground cloth. Mulch can be applied to the soil surface, but should not rest against the stems of landscape plants. Mulching has the...

Before plant nutrients were scientifically identified, farmers knew that some materials helps plants to grow well . Early farmers probably noticed the cluster growth of grass around animal droppings and began using them to raise better crops. Lime, ashes, dead fish, ground bones, and bird and bat guano have all been used in ancient times. Even human waste (night soil) has been an important fertilizer in some cultures. Fertilizer is material applied to soil or plants to supply essential elements. Some states legally define minimum requirements for a material to be sold as fertilizer. Fertilizers be grouped into four categories— 1. Mineral 2. Organic 3. Synthetic organic 4. Inorganic Mineral fertilizers are ground rocks material containing nutrients. For example - Dolomitic lime is a fine source of calcium and magnesium. Most minerals have low nutrient content and dissolve very slowly, so their usefulness as fertilizers is limited. Organic fertilizers are organic...

Farmers are the true influencer of the nation’s water supply. Agriculture places some of the greatest demands on fresh water in India and around the world. Farmers are optimizing water usage and contributing a great part to conserve one of the most precious resource of nature, and also produce healthier crops, all with less water. I’m Tapsendra Patel and in this article we will discuss the strategies for water conservation for both agriculture and urban landscapes . 1. Increasing Water-use efficiency :- Water-use efficiency is a good place to begin a discussion of water conservation. There are mainly three ways to improving water-use efficiency. One is to capture more of the water from precipitation in the root zone of crop plants. This means improving the infiltration rate and reducing percolation and Having captured more water in soil. the second step is to reduce consumptive use. Consumptive use is the sum of the water lost by evapotranspiration and the amount con...

Sometimes plants get sick and no matter how much you talk to your plant, they won’t talk back. The initial step in determining if a plant has a disease is to look at the signs and symptoms. This can give you a clue about what’s going on.    Read full article about | Types of Plant Pathogens and Abiotic Stresses | Click here |     Hello I'm Tapsendra Patel and this article will provide you a background on plant diseases and the signs and symptoms common for plant pathogens. A disease is any abnormality that alters the looks or function of a plant. Plant functions are effected by this physiological process. Disease can also reduce yield and quality of harvested product. Disease is a process or a change that occurs over time. It does not occur instantly. Infectious plant diseases are caused by living organisms that attack and acquire their nutrition from the plant they infect. The parasitic organism that causes a disease is a pathogen. Numerous fungi, bact...

यह लेख हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध है | यहां दबाएं |   The development of agricultural sector in India is still a big challenge, which is not going to be so easy to fulfill because in the coming 30 years, the population of India is estimated to be around 1.6 billion (1,60,00,00,000),  and for this 333 million tonnes (33.3 Crores) tons will be produced in the agricultural sector, which will be almost one-third higher than the present production. There are many types of challenges in India right now which we can try to understand: -  • Farmers having less land area : - Farmers having less land areas is a major obstacle which prevents agriculture from becoming more profitable.   About 5 to 6 percent of the cultivable land is wasted due to boundaries formation and division in the fields, on an average 85 percent of the land is owned by small and middle class farmers, according to which a small farmer has an average land of 0.9 hectare.  Whereas in our cou...

भारत में कृषि क्षेत्र की चुनौतियाँ?   This article is also available in English | Click here | भारत में आज भी कृषि क्षेत्र का विकास बहुत बड़ी चुनौती बना हुआ है जिसे पूरा करना इतना आसान नहीं होने वाला है क्योंकि आने वाले 30 सालों में भारत की जनसंख्या लगभग 1.6 बिलियन ( 1,60,00,00,000) तक होने का अनुमान है, इसमें 333 मिलियन( 33.3 Crores) टन का उत्पादन एग्रीकल्चर क्षेत्र से होगा जो कि लगभग अभी के उत्पादन से एक तिहाई ज्यादा होगा । अनुमान के द्वारा अभी भारत में कई प्रकार की चुनौतियां हैं जिन्हें हम समझने की कोशिश कर सकते हैं :- •किसानों के पास कम जमीन होना :-  किसानों के पास कम जमीन होना एक बहुत बड़ी बाधा है जो कृषि क्षेत्र को अधिक फायदेमंद बनाने से रोकती है ।  खेतों में कटाई एवं विभाजन होने के कारण लगभग 5 से 6  प्रतिशत खेती योग्य भूमि व्यर्थ की रह जाती है, औसतन 85 प्रतिशत जमीन छोटे एवं मिडिल क्लास किसानों के पास है जिसके हिसाब से एक छोटे किसान के पास औसतन 0.9 प्रतिशत हेक्टेयर की जमीन है ।  जबकि हमारे देश में हर एक भारतीय नागरिक पर लगभग 1.5 ...

How to motivate farmers to do organic farming? यह लेख हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध है | यहां दबाएं | Generally, farmers also know that organic farming is the basic principle of agriculture, but with the increasing population, the demand for production is also increasing day by day, farmers today have switched to commercial farming and adopting modern methods of chemical farming. Why is organic farming considered good? Farmers have to invest less in cultivation and do not have to buy expensive chemical fertilizers, and another advantage is that all the produce is without adulterated chemical fertilizer, which does not harm human health at all and also is good for the environment. This is not the only two benefits of organic farming alone, it has many other benefits about which farmers should aware: - Organic farming improves the health of the soil, so that the microbes that grow in it help the plants to make their food. Organic manure can we prepared in farm itself thus, ...

 किसानों को जैविक खेती करने के लिए प्रेरित कैसे करें ?    This article is also available in English | Click here | आमतौर पर किसान भी जानते हैं कि जैविक खेती ही कृषि का मूल सिद्धांत है किन्तु  बढ़ती जनसंख्या के साथ उत्पादन की मांग बढ़ रही है और इसी के चलते किसान आज जैविक खेती को छोड़कर रसायनिक खेती के आधुनिक तौर तरीके अपनाने लगे हैं | जैविक खेती को अच्छा क्यों माना जाता है?  किसानों की लागत कम लगती है उन्हें महंगे महंगे रसायनिक फ़र्टिलाइज़र नहीं खरीदने पड़ते और इसका दूसरा यह फायदा है कि सारा उत्पात बिना मिलावटी रसायनिक खाद का होता है,  जो मनुष्य की सेहत को बिल्कुल भी नुकसान नहीं पहुंचाता और वातावरण के लिए भी अच्छा होता है लेकिन जैविक खेती के अकेले सिर्फ यही दो फायदे नहीं है इसके और भी बहुत सारे फायदे हैं जो हमें किसानों तक पहुंचाना जरूरी है जैसे :- जैविक खेती से मृदा का स्वास्थ्य अच्छा होता है जिससे उस में पनपने वाले सूक्ष्मा जीव ,पौधों को उनका भोजन बनाने में मदद करते है | जैविक खाद को आप अपने खेत में ही तैयार कर सकते हैं और इससे...

Why do Indian people not wish to become farmers?    यह लेख हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध है | यहां दबाएं | Every father wants his children to be more successful than him and does not bear all the grief that his father has seen in his lifetime. This is also the mindset of the farmer. Why would a farmer want to make his son a farmer because he knows how much a farmer has to struggle. Apart from this, there are some other points which justifies this : - Before 2001 farming was not as profitable and neither the good and improved tools associated with agriculture were developed Rain was also irregular Everyone used to plant the same type of crop No more fertilizers of high quality were available by the government and the dealer. Subsidies were also not available in agricultural materials, Brokers used to buy all the produce of the farmers at very low prices and sell it in the market at high prices. The farmers of our country have seen everything from the drastic weath...

भारतीय लोग किसान बनने की इच्छा क्यों नहीं रखते? This article is also available in English | Click here |  हर पिता चाहता है कि उसकी संतान उससे ज्यादा सफल बने और वह सारे दुख दर्द ना  झेले जो उसके पिता ने अपने जीवन काल में देखे हैं | ऐसे ही किसान की भी मानसिकता यही है | एक किसान अपने बेटे को किसान बनाना क्यों चाहेगा क्योंकि वह जानता है कि एक किसान को कितना स्ट्रगल करना पड़ता है | इसके अलावा कुछ और पॉइंट्स हैं जो इस सारांश को समर्थन देते हैं :-  2001 के पहले खेती करना उतना लाभदायक नहीं हुआ करता था और ना ही कृषि से जुड़े उतने अच्छे उपकरण बने थे |  बरसात भी अनियमित हुआ करती थी  सभी लोग एक ही प्रकार की फसल लगाया करते थे सरकार और डीलर के द्वारा उच्च क्वालिटी के बीच और फ़र्टिलाइज़र नहीं उपलब्ध हो पाते थे,  कृषि  सामग्री में सब्सिडरी नहीं मिलती थी,  दलाल किसानों का सारा उत्पादन बहुत ही कम दामों में खरीद लेते थे और उसे उच्च दामों में मार्केट में बेच देते थे |  हमारे देश के किसानों ने सब देखा है मौसम की मार से लेकर सरकार के पलटने तक, हमा...

Sustainability agriculture means to meet the food and textile needs to present societies , without compromising the abilities of future generation. Word origin, and meaning :- Therefore , the ' sustain ' word is derived from the Latin word 'sustinere' Sus - means "from below" tinere - means "to hold" Together it means - long term support or performance. It enables higher resource efficiency :- 1. By applying less input of land, water and energy to produce grater agricultural output. Main goals of Sustainable Agriculture :- • To gain good environmental health • To gain economic profitability • To maintain economic and social equality These 3 main goals are integrated by sustainable agriculture. As we know India comes under the developing countries list. So it is very challenging and tough course to empower sustainability especially in agriculture sector, where naturally more than 70% farmers are uneducated and...

How can be complete the biggest task given by Modiji ? We are in that stage where we have to conserve our Economy before it get diminished , and for that it very very important to promote our local products for use and consumption. The primary goal of this task is to circulate our Indian currency inside the country itself for the betterment and goodwill of our Indian citizens. So what to do, ? The answer is , it all starts with us... We should do the following thing to complete this task:- • 1st of all, the quick action which we can take is to stop the use of virtual products of other countries like China, Virtual products mainly includes software and application either of Moblie of PC. Some of categories are :- Web browsers Entertainment platforms Productivity applications Tools applications • 2nd , we can avoid the purchase of Chinese hardware and electronic items and give some chances to Indian brands to hit in the market. Some categories are :- Headphones a...

Homemade Lemonade   As we all know the most refreshing drink in the world is water and probably the cheapest one too. So why to drink water alone , when we can add some extra nutrient and taste by making lemonade. In India it is also called " Nibu Pan i" or " Shikanj i ". Although lemonade an be of different varieties but traditionally lemon flavored is loved mostly. Besides drinking the water alone, lemonade keeps us hydrated as well as the lemon extract are rich is Vitamin B6 which play an important role in energy generation in our body. Not only this, lemon contains many antioxidants , carbohydrates which are essential for human body. By keeping water balance constant , homemade lemonade helps in preventing severe dehydration in summer season. Vitamin C is present in high concentration in lemon that's why lemonade has been highly promoted as healthy drink. Thus, Lemonade is easy to make and can be prepared in short time interval ( 2-3 mins appro...